What legislation sets the total number of Representatives at 435?

The Apportionment Act is the legislation that establishes the total number of Representatives in the House of Representatives at 435. This act was first passed in 1911 and later amended, and it governs how seats in the House are apportioned among the states based on population counts from the decennial census.

The significance of this act lies in its role in maintaining an equitable representation in Congress, reflecting the population changes across the states while capping the total number at 435. This ensures that no matter how population shifts occur, the total number of Representatives remains constant, promoting stability in the legislative process.

In contrast, the other options reference important but unrelated aspects of U.S. governance. The Constitution outlines the foundational framework of the government and sets forth the structure of Congress but does not specify the number of Representatives. The Voting Rights Act addresses issues of voting rights and discrimination but does not pertain to the number of congressional seats. The Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments to the Constitution, focusing on individual liberties and rights rather than congressional representation.